Isolation and Structural analysis (Gas Chromatogarphy-Mass Spectrometry, Infra-red and Ultraviolet Spectroscopic) of leaf Ficus sycomorus Linn Moraceae

Medicinal plants are plants that possess some natural constituents that produce a definite physiological action on human or animal systems. .).plants produce diverse arrays, of low molecular mass natural products known as secondary metabolites. These natural products may include alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, saponins, tannins, steroids or phenols.This study was aimed at evaluating phytochemical constituents and characterization of the active principles using UV‚ FTIR and GC-MS spectroscopic techniques. The leaves of Ficus sycomorus were collected from Alau-Dam‚ Jere Local Government Area of Borno State‚ Nigeria. Seven hundred grams (۷۰۰ g) of dry pulverized Ficus sycomorus leaves were extracted with ۹۵% methanol using soxhlet extractor and a gummy dark green mass of ۱۲۴.۸ g crude extract was obtained‚ given a percentage yield of ۱۷.۸۳% w/w. The crude extract was subjected to antimicrobial evaluation. Eighty grams (۸۰ g) of crude methanol extract was fractionated through column chromatography and twenty two (۲۲) eluents of ۱۰۰ mL aliquot were obtained. Similar fractions were then pooled on the basis of their Rf values on the thin layer chromatography (TLC) and four (۴) pooled fractions were obtained‚ coded as FA‚ FB‚ FC and FD. The preliminary phytochemical evaluation was carried out on the extracts using standard methods of analysis‚ and these investigations revealed the presence of alkaloids‚ carbohydrates‚ tannins‚ cardiac glycoside‚ cardinolides‚ saponins‚ terpenoids and flavonoids. Anthraquinones and combine anthraquinones were absent. Preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) of column fraction FC yielded four sub-fractions (coded C۱‚ C۲‚ C۳ and C۴) in which two (C۱ and C۳) having higher activity on the tested organisms were subjected to spectra analysis. The interpretation of the UV spectra of sub-fraction C۱ revealed that‚ fraction C۱ consist of absorption ƛmax at ۶۵۰.۶۰ nm and ۵۰۳.۰۰ nm which are similar to ƛmax of alkaloids. Also‚ the UV spectra of sub-fraction C۳ revealed absorption ƛmax at ۶۵۷.۲۰ nm‚ ۶۰۲.۸۰ nm and ۵۰۳.۲۰ nm which are also similar to ƛmax of alkaloids. This observations were supported by the major functional groups present in their FTIR spectra‚ having bands at ۳۳۳۳.۱ cm-۱ which corresponds to N-H stretch in secondary amine‚ ۱۷۹۰ cm-۱ corresponding to C=O stretch of ring carbonyl‚ ۱۴۲۷.۳۷ cm-۱ corresponding to C=C stretch of aromatic compounds and ۲۹۶۲.۷۶ corresponding to C-H stretch methyl group. These sub-fractions were also subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and the analysis of the result compared with NIST library revealed similar compounds. The compounds were‚ ۲-Acetyl-۳-methylaminocyclopentenone‚ ۹-anthracenyltrimethylsilane‚ ۶‚۱۳-bis(۲‚۵-dimethylphenyl)-Dibenzo[C‚H]diazecine‚ ۴’-dimethylamino-۲’-(trimethylsilyl)acetanilide‚ ۵-Methyl-۴-hydroxybenzoylhydrazonefurfurole‚ ۴-(۳‚۴-dimethoxyphenyl)-۵-methyl-۲-thiazolamine and Cyclobarbital.

کلیدواژه ها:

Phytochemical ، Chromatography. Structure ، plants ، Extraction