The effect of COVID-۱۹ on the air pollution in urban areas of Pakistan

سال انتشار: 1399
نوع سند: مقاله ژورنالی
زبان: انگلیسی
مشاهده: 925

فایل این مقاله در 10 صفحه با فرمت PDF قابل دریافت می باشد

استخراج به نرم افزارهای پژوهشی:

لینک ثابت به این مقاله:

شناسه ملی سند علمی:

JR_EHEM-8-2_008

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 19 تیر 1400

چکیده مقاله:

Background: The impacts of lockdown on air pollution have been examined in various parts of the world. The concentration of main air pollutants has been decreased owing to a decline in anthropogenic activities like fossil fuel burning, etc. The main aim of this research was to assess the impacts of lockdown on air pollution of the main urban areas of Pakistan. Methods: The present study was conducted to assess the air quality index (AQI) of the main urban areas of Pakistan based on the pre- and post-lockdown effects and mortality rate due to coronavirus disease ۲۰۱۹ (COVID-۱۹). Hotspot analysis was conducted to assess the most vulnerable spots at the country level. Results: The AQI greatly improved in all the main cities of Pakistan which ranges from ۵۱ to ۸۷. The pre- and post-lockdown AQI were categorized from unhealthy for sensitive groups to hazardous and moderate, respectively. There are noticeable hotspots in the vicinity of Lahore and Karachi. The level of nitrogen dioxide (NO۲) dropped ۴۵%, ۴۹%, ۲۰%, ۳۵%, and ۵۶% in Peshawar, Lahore, Multan, Karachi, Islamabad, and Rawalpindi, respectively. Conclusion: Nature healed due to lockdown, which is the only good face of the COVID-۱۹ pandemic. The temporary lockdown greatly improved air quality which may stimulate the policymakers, researchers, and governments for the smart use of resources to minimize emissions to heal the nature. The present study also suggests the application of hotspot analysis in different contexts for the evidencebased care services decisions during the COVID-۱۹ pandemic.

نویسندگان

Afed Ullah Khan

Corresponding author: National Institute of Urban Infrastructure Planning, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Jehanzeb Khan

Government Post Graduate College Kohat, Higher Education Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Fayaz Ahmad Khan

National Institute of Urban Infrastructure Planning, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

Rooman Khan

Basic Health Unit of Hakeem Bharat Bannu, Health Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Raza Ullah Khan

Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China

Liaqat Ali Shah

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar (Bannu Campus), Bannu, Pakistan

Zahoor Khan

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar (Bannu Campus), Bannu, Pakistan

Yasir Irfan Badrashi

National Institute of Urban Infrastructure Planning, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

مراجع و منابع این مقاله:

لیست زیر مراجع و منابع استفاده شده در این مقاله را نمایش می دهد. این مراجع به صورت کاملا ماشینی و بر اساس هوش مصنوعی استخراج شده اند و لذا ممکن است دارای اشکالاتی باشند که به مرور زمان دقت استخراج این محتوا افزایش می یابد. مراجعی که مقالات مربوط به آنها در سیویلیکا نمایه شده و پیدا شده اند، به خود مقاله لینک شده اند :
  • Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, ...
  • Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, ...
  • Anjum NA. Good in the worst: COVID-۱۹ restrictions and ease ...
  • Martelletti L, Martelletti P. Air pollution and the novel Covid-۱۹ ...
  • Conticini E, Frediani B, Caro D. Can atmospheric pollution be ...
  • Kim D, Chen Z, Zhou LF, Huang SX. Air pollutants ...
  • Hannah R, Max R. Air Pollution. Published online at OurWorldInData.org. ...
  • Lewis T. Smoking or vaping may increase the risk of ...
  • Sharma S, Zhang M, Anshika, Gao J, Zhang H, Kota ...
  • Kambalagere Y. A Study on Air Quality Index (AQI) of ...
  • Sasidharan M, Singh A, Torbaghan ME, Parlikad AK. A vulnerability-based ...
  • Yao Y, Pan J, Wang W, Liu Z, Kan H, ...
  • Cohen AJ, Brauer M, Burnett R, Anderson HR, Frostad J, ...
  • Horne BD, Joy EA, Hofmann MG, Gesteland PH, Cannon JB, ...
  • Liu Y, Pan J, Zhang H, Shi C, Li G, ...
  • Venter ZS, Aunan K, Chowdhury S, Lelieveld J. COVID-۱۹ lockdowns ...
  • The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on the air environment in India [مقاله ژورنالی]
  • Seo JH, Jeon HW, Sung UJ, Sohn JR. Impact of ...
  • Resmi CT, Nishanth T, Satheesh Kumar MK, Manoj MG, Balachandramohan ...
  • https://covid.gov.pk/stats/pakistan (COVID-۱۹ data were accessed on April ۱۵, ۲۰۲۰) ...
  • Fu F, Purvis-Roberts KL, Williams B. Impact of the covid-۱۹ ...
  • Mollalo A, Vahedi B, Rivera KM. GIS-based spatial modeling of ...
  • Lakhani A. Which Melbourne metropolitan areas are vulnerable to COVID-۱۹ ...
  • Gibson L, Rush D. Novel coronavirus in Cape Town informal ...
  • Ghani AC, Donnelly CA, Cox DR, Griffin JT, Fraser C, ...
  • Lee PI, Hu YL, Chen PY, Huang YC, Hsueh PR. ...
  • Sterpetti AV. Lessons learned during the COVID-۱۹ virus pandemic. J ...
  • Afshari R. Indoor air quality and severity of COVID-۱۹: where ...
  • Isaifan R. The dramatic impact of Coronavirus outbreak on air ...
  • Wu X, Nethery RC, Sabath BM, Braun D, Dominici F. ...
  • Identification of airborne fungi’s concentrations in indoor and outdoor air of municipal wastewater treatment plant [مقاله ژورنالی]
  • Evaluation of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on photochemical pollution in urban areas [مقاله ژورنالی]
  • Ogen Y. Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO۲) levels as a contributing ...
  • Cadotte M. Early evidence that COVID-۱۹ government policies reduce urban ...
  • Tian H, Liu Y, Song H, Wu CH, Li B, ...
  • نمایش کامل مراجع