A study of factors influencing tunnel collapses and how they affected the Norwegian Hanekleiv tunnel

Weakness zones and swelling clay are essential features in rock tunneling as they are necessary to the safe completion, the cost, and the time of the project and accordingly are the main factors in planning and constructing a project since they can cause special challenges and excavation problems in tunneling. These two factors have been the cause of collapse in many tunnels around the world as well as in Norway. In this paper the description and typology of these two factors are gathered and summarized and then are used in tunnel collapse categories in Norway and later are referred to in an example of the phenomenon which is Hanekleiv road tunnel located in southwest of Norway. The tunnel is ۱۷۶۵ m long and has two tubes spacing about ۱۵ m, its rockfall occurred in December ۲۰۰۶ and an account of the events occurring in the tunnel that eventually led to its collapse is being given.

کلیدواژه ها:

Tunnel ، Weakness zone ، Swelling clay ، Norway ، Hanekleiv road tunnel