Groups with many roots

Given a prime $p$‎, ‎a finite group $G$ and a non-identity element $g$‎, ‎what is the largest number of $\pth$ roots $g$ can have? We write $\myro_p(G)$‎, ‎or just $\myro_p$‎, ‎for the maximum value of $\frac{۱}{|G|}|\{x \in G‎: ‎x^p=g\}|$‎, ‎where $g$ ranges over the non-identity elements of $G$‎. ‎This paper studies groups for which $\myro_p$ is large‎. ‎If there is an element $g$ of $G$ with more $\pth$ roots than the identity‎, ‎then we show $\myro_p(G) \leq \myro_p(P)$‎, ‎where $P$ is any Sylow $p$-subgroup of $G$‎, ‎meaning that we can often reduce to the case where $G$ is a $p$-group‎. ‎We show that if $G$ is a regular $p$-group‎, ‎then $\myro_p(G) \leq \frac{۱}{p}$‎, ‎while if $G$ is a $p$-group of maximal class‎, ‎then $\myro_p(G) \leq \frac{۱}{p}‎ + ‎\frac{۱}{p^۲}$ (both these bounds are sharp)‎. ‎We classify the groups with high values of $\myro_۲$‎, ‎and give partial results on groups with high values of $\myro_۳$‎.

کلیدواژه ها:

‎$pth$ roots‎ ، ‎square roots‎ ، ‎cube roots