Vitamin A in Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) in Premature of Neonates under ۲۵۰۰ gr

Background: BPD is generally observed in premature neonates needing oxygen (direct or ventilated), and to reduce its effects various studies have been carried out with different results. In this study the effect of vitamin A in prevention of chronic lung disease in premature neonates under ۲۵۰۰ gr was investigated in Zanjan within the years ۲۰۰۳-۲۰۰۴. Materials and Methods: In this double blind clinical trial premature neonates under ۳۶ weeks of age and birth weight of under ۲۵۰۰ gr were included in the study in case of need to oxygen during first three days of birth and neonates who died during three days of birth and those with congenital disorders and distinct heart condition were excluded from the study. At first ۶۶ neonate were selected of whom ۱۲ cases were excluded from the study. The survivors were randomly categorized into two groups: a control (۲۸ cases) and a treatment (۲۶ cases). Treatment group received ۱۰۰۰۰ IU vitamin A intramuscularly on the ۴th and the ۸th days. The variables need to complementary oxygen – neonate weight on ۲۸th day, and mortality rate up to ۲۸th day – were considered as outcome indices. The results were analyzed through statistical tests , relative risk and ۹۵% confidence interval in community. Results: ۵۴ neonates were followed up to ۲۸ days following birth. One case from treatment group and ۳ cases from control group died before reaching the ۲۸th day. Of ۵۰ survivors ۶ cases in treatment and ۱۲ cases in control group were found to be oxygen dependent (Oxygen Saturation <۹۵%). On the ۲۸th day no significant difference was observed between the two groups in weight gain (p=۹۶%) need to oxygen (p=۷۷%) and mortality rate (p=۳۳۶%). Conclusion: Although the results of this study show no decline in BPD rate, mortality rate and no gain in weight of neonates, we can not reject the effect of vitamin A with higher doses. Thus, further research with higher sample size and higher dose of vitamin A specially in neonates under ۱۵۰۰ gr of weight is recommended.

کلیدواژه ها:

KEY WORDS: Brunchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) ، Chronic Lung Disease (CLD) ، Vitamin A.