The study of esophageal cancer risk factors in Golestan in 1396; A review article

Background: Esophageal cancer is the 3rd common cancer and 6th cancer related death inthe world. The high incidence of this cancer in some parts of the world can relate theesophageal cancer with genetic and environmental factors. North of Iran is one of these areasand in all reports, the incidence of esophageal cancer in Turkmens is higher than other folks.The purpose of this review article is the study of esophageal cancer risk factors in Golestanprovince.Material and Methods: keywords (esophageal cancer, Golestan, Iran, risk factors) inwebsites "Pubmed, Nature, SID" Were searched and 11 articles were found.The relations of esophageal cancer in Golestan with inappropriate methylation of tumorsuppressor genes (p14, p15, p16) and silence and reduction of gene expression, MAGE1Antigen, MAML1 protein, family relations, hardness of drinking water, food pattern (drinkinghot tea and low intake of fruits and vegetable and dairy), smoking and drinking alcohol,bacterial infections (like H. pylori), EBV, economic factors like poverty, concentration ofsilicon in wheat flour and selenium soil were studied.Results: Inappropriate methylation of tumor suppressor genes, MAGE1 Antigen, MAML1protein, family relations, food pattern, smoking and opium consumption, drinking alcohol,H.pylori ,EBV, poverty and selenium soil have significant relations with esophageal cancer butthere are no relationships with concentration of silicon in wheat flour , hardness of drinkingwater and esophageal cancer.Conclusions: Changes in lifestyle may be expected to increase esophageal cancer incidence.Therefore, appropriate interventions should be designed and implemented.

کلیدواژه ها:

esophageal cancer ، Golestan ، Iran ، risk factors