SiRNA Bioinformatics Design Against mRNA of N, NSP12, NSP16, NSP5 Genes to Prevent mRNA Translation and Sars_cov_2 Virus Replication

Introduction & Objective: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 causes COVID-19, a pandemic threatening millions it can proliferate, unhindered, in primarily infected tissues. Subsequent cell death results in the release of virus particles. interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded non-coding RNA molecules, which is 20-25 base pairs in length. siRNAs can regulate the expression of genes, by a phenomenon known as RNA interference (RNAi). Based on the phenomenon, the siRNA based therapeutics have been developed and implemented for anticancer, antiviral, and genetic diseases, there are many drugs currently being tested which include antiviral (remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir, ritonavir, and arbidol), anti-malarial (hydroxychloroquine), and anticancer (interferon-alpha 2b) agents. These drug candidates are undergoing clinical trials, and their efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 has yet to be proven. Under such a situation, siRNA based treatment can provide an effective solution in combating COVID-19 .This is the function of the genes we have selected : NSP5 : Cleaves at 11 sites of (3C-like proteinase) NSP polyprotein ; NSP12 : Copies viral RNA (RNA polymerase) methylation (guanine) ; NSP16 : 5′-cap RNA (2′-O-ribose-methyltransferase_potential antiviral drug target) methylation (adenine) ; N protein : The nucleocapsid (N) protein of coronaviruses is a structural protein that binds directly to viral RNA and providing stability .Method: for design siRNA were used Genlink and siRNA wizard site And based on siRNA design guidelines that include Selected region, siRNA size,Thermodynamic properties , Starting nucleotide and GC content of the siRNA sequence The best siRNA were chosen and then , BLAST against mRNA databases and BLAST against miRNA SEED databases was done.Findings & conclusion: According to the obtained data, siRNA was designed. siRNA is a good choice to fight against viral diseases that can interfere with the replication of the virus, siRNA designed in the next steps will be tested in the laboratory.