Immunomodulatory effects of Cinnamomum against COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a kind of viral pneumonia which its pathogenesis poorly understood. The similar mechanisms of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV can give us information about the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The immune system plays a vital protection role against infectious diseases and is affected by a variety of plants including vegetables and spices. Some experimental trials on the properties of Cinnamomum indicate that this spice may have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. Cytokine storm resulting from the release of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1 β, IL-2, IL-6 , IFN- α, TNF-α, TGF β, etc. Increased levels of IL-6 are a stable indicator of poor outcome in COVID-19 severe cases with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Cinnamaldehyde pretreatment dose-dependently reduce inflammation evidenced by decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels against intestinal tissues injury, Wich is able to inhibit intracellular signaling induced by PAMPs recognition. This inhibition could decrease the circulation of the inflammatory process. The treatment also significantly represses oxidative stress, NF-κB activation and downregulated apoptotic protein expression including p53, Bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3, and restoring Bcl-2 against tissue injury. The flavonoids from C. cassia twig volatile oil effectively promote IL-1β and IL-6 release from murine macrophage cell line.Thirty-two patients with orofacial granulomatosis diagnosis- a nonspecific granulomatous inflammation presenting as facial or lip swelling, cheilitis, ulcerations- had received a cinnamon and benzoate-free diet as primary treatment for a period of 8 weeks. After that patients on the diet had a significant improvement in oral inflammation.The results of different investigations suggest that species of Cinnamomum and affective materials has the conflicting effects in different situations and exact effect of that on the viral infections remains unclear.

کلیدواژه ها:

Covid-19 ، Immunomodulatory ، Cinnamomum