Detection of cancer biomarkers by Microfluidic Immunohistochemistry

Introduction: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) plays an important role in biomarker detection and precision oncology, determining the type and the stage of cancer. However, intratumoral heterogeneity, poor quantification potential, long process time, and lack of multiplexing capacity imposes some limitations for the clinical application of conventional IHC. Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in multiplexed diagnostics thanks to the advent of microfluidic approaches.Description: Chip-based IHC platforms enable multiplexing biomarker detection on small-sized specimens for personalized medicine purposes with an improved quantification and standardization. Many microfluidic IHC platforms were applied to assess tumor biomarkers comparing with conventional paraffin-embedded and cryopreserved IHC.Discussion and conclusion: This review will provide an outline of the microfluidic IHC approaches that have been applied so far to the detection of tumor biomarkers, including Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2), estrogen receptor (ER), cytokeratin (CK), progesterone receptor (PR), proliferation marker Ki-67, Tumor protein p53. The microfluidic procedure was described while the qualitative and technical differences between conventional and microfluidic IHC in the assessment of the mentioned markers have been compared.

کلیدواژه ها:

Immunohistochemistry ، Microfluidic ، Lab-on-chip ، Cancer biomarker