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This is to certify that your paper entitled «Semantic sovereignty in large language models: Auditing the representation of persianate and Shi‘i meanings across languages» was indexed with 32 pages, in the CIVILICA citation database, code COI:JR_SPEK-39-1_005, after evaluation and approval of the referees of the "Spektrum Iran Vol 39, Issue 1 , Year 2026.

While offering our congratulations on the indexation of your paper, please be informed that this certificate is prepared based on the information submitted by the secretariat of the above journal and the information contained in the CIVILICA database, and the accuracy of its content can be inquired at any time through link provided at the bottom of the page or scanning the code image.