A review on psychosocial etiology of hyperemesis gravidarum

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum is the severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, with Prevalence between 0.3-4.8 percent. It is an important issue to consider the psychological aspects of hyperemesis gravidarum, so this study aims to investigate the psychosocial etiology of hyperemesis gravidarum.Methods: This is a review research. In this overview, researcher searched on Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct data bases using the keywords such as hyperemesis gravidarum, nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and Psychosocial disorders and a total of 7,535 articles from 2000 to 2019 were retrieved. Of these, 7103 papers were duplicate, 278 articles were irrelevant, 89 articles were eliminated in the screening process of abstract and 30 articles were omitted at the full article review. Finally 35 papers were used to write this review article.Results: The findings were classified in 3 main levels: 1. Psychological aspects related to hyperemesis gravidarum including: (prenatal stresses, sexual problems during pregnancy, fetal defects, fear of pregnancy, unadaptive coping skills and drug dependency), 2. psychological disorders including: (mood disorders, severe depression, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, eating disorders, bipolar disorder, somatoform disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and personality disorders) and 3. Social aspects including: (poor social support, unpleasant family relationship, disorders in social interactions, young age and low education) .These disorders affect different aspects of the life of pregnant women and lead to decrease in their quality of life. This review indicates that severe depression and anxiety disorders are the most common disorders.Conclusion: According to the importance of psychiatric aspects and outbreak of hyperemesis gravidarum among pregnant women and its effects on their lives, it is suggested to reduce the side effects and improve women’s health by designing and applying psychological interventions, provided by health services, while focusing on physical aspects and medical therapies.Message for policymakers: The findings can be effective for providing psychological services among women with hyperemesis gravidarum by health policymakers, because the health of family and society is affected by women’s health

کلیدواژه ها:

hyperemesis gravidarum ، psychological disorders ، psychosocial disorders