Emerging and Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Water and Wastewater Treatment

Urban wastewater management is increasingly challenged by rapid urbanization, population growth, and the emergence of complex pollutants, including pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and microplastics. Conventional treatment methods often fail to remove these contaminants efficiently, highlighting the need for innovative and sustainable solutions. This review presents a comprehensive overview of advanced and emerging wastewater treatment technologies(Kim et al., 2024), including advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), nanomaterial-based treatments, membrane and hybrid systems, and bioelectrochemical approaches.(Y. Li et al., 2024) Case studies from Germany, Canada, India, and Iran demonstrate the practical applicability, high removal efficiency, and environmental benefits of these technologies. Despite significant progress, challenges such as high operational costs, energy consumption, maintenance complexity, wastewater variability, and regulatory gaps remain. Future directions emphasize hybrid and energy-efficient systems, AI-driven monitoring, sustainable materials, and resource recovery strategies aligned with circular economy principles(Järvisalo & Saris, 1975). Implementing these technologies can enhance the resilience, safety, and sustainability of urban water systems, contributing to global environmental and development goals.

کلیدواژه ها:

: Advanced wastewater treatment ، Emerging contaminants ، Nanotechnology