Exosomal microRNAs: warning biomarkersfrom Breast Cancer cells

Breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer and one ofthe major causes of cancer-related death in women worldwide.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as one member of the Complex competitiveendogenous RNA network (ceRNET) are small-noncodingRNAs, which play a key role in the regulation of posttranscriptionalgene expression of one-third of the genome.Dysregulation of miRNA expression has been shown in manytumor types, such as BC. In cancer biology, miRNAs are classifiedinto two major categories: OncomiR and Tumor suppressor.Upregulation of OncomiR and downregulation of Tumorsuppressor miRNAs aren’t far from expected in BC. The latestBC-related studies demonstrated that dysregulation in miRNAsmediates major oncogenic pathways of proliferation, metastasis,angiogenesis, drug resistance, and immunity regulation intumor cells.On the other hand, tumor cells package their deathful messages like oncomiR in nano-sized vesicles so called exosomes, theseexosomes are detectable in the patient biological fluids such asserum. Exosomal miRNAs cargo can be evaluated by Quantitativereal-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Thespecificity and stability of miRNAs in BC-delivered exosomeshave introduced them as new attractive biomarkers for earlydiagnosis, prognosis, and treatment follow-up in BC patients.Interestingly in some literature, exosomal miRNAs not onlyused for the prediction of BC metastasis but also can predictthe final destination of metastatic cells. A recent study reportedthat miRNAs as biomarkers have more sensitivity in early BCdiagnosis rather than common tumor markers: Cancer antigen۱۵-۳ (CA-۱۵-۳) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Thesefindings suggest that miRNAs have a pivotal role in the occurrenceand development of BC, so deeply study of miRNAsin BC biology will help Scientists design the identification ofspecific biomarkers in different stages of BC.

کلیدواژه ها:

Breast Cancer ، biomarker ، MicroRNA ، exosome