Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 forms of vitamin D supplementation on oxidative stress and weaning from the ventilator in patients with traumatic injury and vitamin D deficiency.Methods: Seventy-two patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: receiving 50,000 IU pearl cholecalciferol daily for 6 days, 1 intramuscular injection of 300,000 IU of cholecalciferol, or a control group that did not receive any supplement. Duration of mechanical ventilation, body composition, and biochemical biomarkers were measured before and after the intervention.Results: A

Introduction: Cachexia is an inflammation-related condition characterized by adipose tissue and muscle atrophy in patients with cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and multiple sclerosis. Although the role of beneficial microbes in optimizing systemic inflammation during good health has been understood, but the interaction between microbes and host immunity in the context of cachexia needs more study. Several studies have been done to demonstrate the effect of probiotics on cachexia, here we review the findings in this context.Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of science with the keywords probiotics and cachexia from 2008 to 2019. Original and Review articles were included in the study. Articles that didn’t explain the relationship between probiotics and cachexia were excluded.Results: Of 50 studies, 10 articles according to the including and excluding criteria were selected. Studies show that some human commensal microbes can decrease the inflammation andinhibit cachexia by reducing inflammatory cytokines. Several studies show that the beneficial effects of microbes depend on those species and strain. On the other hand, some studies investigate the effect of probiotics on the up-regulation of Transcriptional factor Forkhead Box N1, which is known as a key factor in programming normal thymos and immune system.Conclusion: As cachexia mainly caused by inflammation, to prevent andinhibit cachexia, it is important to reduce inflammation. Probiotics with specific microbes that can reduce inflammation and amplify the immune system could play a role in the prevention and treatment of cachexia, although further studies are needed.

کلیدواژه ها:

cachexia ، cancer ، inflammation ، probiotics