Background:
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a one of major health problems in worldwide. About 95% of CL cases occur in the Americas, the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East and Central Asia. Out of 95% of new CL cases occurred in 6 countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Brazil, Colombia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq and the Syrian Arab Republic. It is estimated that between 600 000 to 1 million new cases occur worldwide annually. Tehran province is one of the old foci of the cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran.Objectives: The aim of this study was found to the frequency of CL were evaluated in patients referred to health centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences (Shahriyar, Robat Karim, Baharestan, Shahr-Ghods, Malard Counties, Northwest and West Tehran) from 2014 to 2018.Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study which concentrates on the 403 patients who we referred to the Health Center from 2014 to 2018. Epidemiological aspects of the disease by considering descriptive indices such as gender, age, location, occupation, month and seasonal distribution, wound position and residence or travel history of patients were recorded analyzed by SPSS version 15. Results: A total number of 403 positive cases of CL were reported in province, during 2014-2018, of which 277 (68.73%) were male, while females were 126 (31.27%). Out of 403 positive cases of CL, 356 patients (88.33%) resided in urban areas, while 46 (11.41%) and 1 (0.26%), lived in rural and nomadic areas respectively. The majority of positive cases (31.76%) were reported in 2018. Also, the incidence of illness in the fall season (December) was higher than in other seasons. The most common location of lesions was hands and face. The highest prevalence of Cl was observed in the age group ≥25 and the lowest found in 10-14. The most CL cases (94.54%) were history of travel to endemic area, whereas the rest (5.46%) probable had local transmission.Conclusion: Most patients of cutaneous leishmaniasis have residence or travel history to Isfahan province in central, and Khorasan Razavi province in northeastern
Iran. Afghan and Iraqi immigrant population are high risk to CL transmission and are important in the next step. Case finding and entomological surveillance suggested in the country incriminated in cutaneous leishmaniasis foci.