Initial fabrication of secretion-excretion ointment of Lucilia Sericata larvae and the efficacy of burn wounds treatment on rabbits in laboratory conditions

Background: In recent years, pharmaceutical, especially antibiotics have become the subject of great interest to environmental researchers worldwide. These compounds remain in the environment, because of incomplete elimination in conventional wastewater treatment processes. Therefore, it is essential to find effective methods for the removal of antibiotics in aquatic environments.Objectives: This study has evaluated the performance of Sono-nano-catalytic process in degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) antibacterial using nano-zero valent iron (nZVI).Materials and Methods: Preparation of nZVI was done by the reaction of FeSO4.7H2O with NaBH4 in the aqueous phase. Experiments were carried out in a batch reactor at the room temperature. The nZVI dose (0.5–2 g/L), H2O2 concentration (10–150 mM), frequency of ultrasonic (20–80 kHz), initial solution pH (3–9) and SMX concentration (5–150 mg/L) were investigated.Results: The results show that the oxidation power of Fenton system increases by ultrasonic irradiation. The optimum degradation efficiency of SMX was achieved in the condition of 1 mM H2O2, 80 kHz frequency, 1 g/L nZVI, and pH: 3 after 60 min contact with US/Fenton (about 95%). Also, the degradation kinetics and toxicity test for effluent of US/ nZVI /H2O2 system in optimal condition were studied. It was shown that egradation of SMX could be described by a first-order kinetic model.Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this study, it can be said that the sonocatalytic process using zero iron nanoparticles is very effective in the degradation of the sulfathiazole antibiotic. Therefore, it can be used to remove of antibiotics from water sources and wastewater.