Background: Road
traffic accidents (RTAs) are the second cause of death, the first leading cause of years of life lost (YLL) due to premature mortality and the most common cause of injury in Iran. According to the world health organization estimates and forensic medicine organization reports Iran located in the countries that have the highest rates from RTAs. Another critical factor is that the burden of the traffic accident is not equally distributed between and within countries. Numerous studies in the different part of the world have demonstrated the geographical and socioeconomic inequalities in incidence and fatalities of traffic accidents. Although the epidemiology of RTAs and their determining factors have been extensively investigated and debated at the national level; but inequality in mortality from RTAs not well explored. Thus, this research examines the socioeconomic and geographical inequality in mortality from road
traffic accidents in Iran in 2016.Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, information about the 16,584 people whose cause of death were
traffic accidents in 2016 (equal to 1394 Hijri) was received from national legal medicine organization. Theil entropy index was used for determining inequality in geographic areas. Also, relative and absolute concentration indices were used for measurement of inequality in mortality from RTAs across educational levels.Results: The result of this study showed that, the distribution of the mortality from road traffic accident was unequal at the provincial positions. According to our findings, mortality from
traffic accidents was distributed equally among the socioeconomic and urban levels.Conclusion: Our findings showed that, the distribution of the mortality from road traffic accident was unequal at the provincial positions. According to our findings, mortality from
traffic accidents was distributed equally among the socioeconomic and urban levels. Therefore health managers can use the findings of this study to develop the intervention in reducing inequalities. In addition to the targeting of the known social inequalities factors in health and social status, other factors should be considered and applied to evaluate their intervention in the future.