Moosa Javdani - Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
Abolfazl Barzegar Bafrouei - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

In addition to neurons, there are various protective cells such as astrocytes which allocate an important part of both central and peripheral neural tissue. These cells are to times more than neurons, and have different types. Astrocytes are responsible for a wide range of tasks in nervous system. It sets neurotransmitter system, synaptic information, energy metabolism, disposal of antioxidant and inflammatory responses. There are two types of astrocyte; fibrous astrocytes and protoplasm astrocyte named velvet astrocytes. Glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAP) is an acid protein that in normal situation exists in both of astrocyte. Glial fibrillary acidic protein is an intermediate filamentprotein that is expressed by numerous cell types of the central nervous system (CNS) including astrocytes and ependymal cells during development. Although it’s more in fibrous astrocytes and it increases in neural damages. Children with Alexander disease develop, psychomotor retardation, seizures and a leukoencephalopathy with macrocephaly, leading to death usually within the first decade; patients with juvenile or adult forms typically experience bulbar signs, ataxia and spasticity, and a more slowly progressive course. The pathological Sign of all types of Alexander disease is the existence of Rosenthal fibers, cytoplasmic inclusions in astrocytes that contain the intermediate filament protein GFAP in association with small heat-shock proteins. Mutation in the encoding gene of the GFAP leads to a fatal diseasecalled alexander disease . Researches have shown that it’s possible to control GFAP. This control will improves the patients suffering alexander disease. Alexander disease has depends directly on GFAP and a rare genetic disorder. Conclusion : GFAP levels are already usedas a marker of neurologic injure in adults who suffer strokes and traumatic brain damage .