Association between Resting Heart Rate and Anthropometric Factors in Iranian Adult population

Background:Elevated resting heart rate is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and shorter life expectancies.Elevated RHR is strongly associated with all-cause death, atherosclerosis, and arterial stiffness.Few studies have shown that some biologic laboratory factors can affect the RHR.Anthropometric factors are known as a reliable way to the measurement of the size and proportion of the human body.There is evidence to suggest that abdominal obesity is related with high sympathetic nerve activity that probably mediated by elevated leptin and insulin level.There is no study to clarify association with novel factors.Therefore,the aim of this retrospective cohort study is to review the determinants of RHR in a large sample of the Iranian population.Method:The data used in this paper derive from the baseline survey of the Persian cohort Study (Fasa noncommunicable disease cohort study) which was conducted from Nov. 2014 to now and a sample of 10000 subjects aged 35 to 70 years old were chosen.According to the recommendations of the International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment (ISAK),trained nurses measured RHR in BPM by electrocardiogram to minimize coefficients of variation, using a Cardionics CardioPlug device.The measurement was made in a quiet room after a 5min rest period in the supine position at the morning 9 a.m. Each measurement was made three times.Body weight ,Height ,BMI,Abdominal waist and hip circumferences were measured on their own scale.All the factors were compared between males and females via independent T-test in SPSS 18.0 software and figures were drawn in Prism 5.0 software. Results:Our sample comprised of 9975 persons including 5468 (54.8%) females and 4507 (45.2%) males.The median RHR was74.RHR was significantly higher in females (76.6 versus 71.4, P<0.001). All the anthropometric factors were higher in females except Wrist circumference.Also,there was a direct association between SBP, glucose and BMI with RHR that sex and SBP were the most effective factors and increasing each 25 years of age leads to one decreas in RHR.Comparing anthropometric factors between males and females showed that all the factors were statistically significant. Conclusion:The mean RHR in our population was 74 BPM. This superiority leads to increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease in our society.Another theory is increased activity of SNS tone that leads to increase in HR and altered regulation of the parasympathetic on heart.Also, SNS overactivity stimulate hyperinsulinemia in accompaniment of insulin resistance.Data reveals that patients with diabetes have increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity respectively.Our findings demonstrate that there is a clear relationship between higher rate of RHR and blood glucose level.Taking together, RHR is a global index of autonomic system which provides an overview of Autonomic Nervous System dysfunction.Increase in SNS tone leads to insulin resistance,HTN,obesity,metabolic syndrome, and chronic inflammation

کلیدواژه ها:

Rest heart rate ، Anthropometric factors ، Cardiovascular disease ، sympathic nervous system