Genetic Variations and Various Responses to Nutrients, A Mini Review

Nowadays nutritional genetics has become a prominent course of study for health providers and nutrition consultants. Dietary effects was evident in some well-known genetic metabolic diseases such as phenylketonuria or galactosemia, but nowadays nutrient-gene interactions is considered in multifactorial conditions which are referred as nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. This review is an attempt to summarize reported genetic variations correlated with nutrigenetics as a step toward providing a deeper insight into personalized nutrition.Methods: This review is provided by searching key words in the websites Pubmed, Scopus and Google-Scholar and narrowed to more relevant ones.Results: Nutrigenetics is a new evolving topic which can be a key role player in personalized nutrition that discusses the difference of people’s responses to foods, beverages, supplements, etc. By various studies, some clues are found about the effecting genes in this scope. As we know, by different genotypes, phenotypes can be changed in multiple levels; expressing different alleles can affect cellular interactions and functions which finally lead to an altered physiology. Among genetic variations, SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) are mentioned particularly and by aid of enriched data banks and developed bioinformatics tools, finding association of genetic polymorphism with metabolomics and transcriptomics has become more feasible.Genes coding Methylene-tetra-hydrofolate-reductase (MTHFR), Human hemochromatosis protein (HFE), some members of Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) enzymes as CYP1A2, Glutathione-S transferase (GST) enzyme ,Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS), Apolipoprotein-E (ApoE) and Vitamin-D receptor (VDR) are some of reported genes that their polymorphism are associated to individuals’ different responses to active components of diets.Conclusion: It seems to be helpful to incorporate nutrigenetics in providing dietary advices. Considering diversity of genetic pool of intended population should not be neglected in establishing nutritional guidelines especially in cases of proved polymorphism association with observed heterogeneity depending on societies and ethnics.

کلیدواژه ها:

nutrigenomics. nutrigenetics ، personalized nutrition ، polymorphism ، genetic variation