Mohammad Bagher Haghighi - Pediatric resident, Mofid Children Hospital, Faculty of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Naghi Dara - Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Roxana Mansour Ghanaie - Pediatric Infectious Research center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Leila Azimi - Pediatric Infectious Research center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) as a gram-negative bacterium is the most common infection of the gastrointestinal tract, and worldwide it affects the children over three years of age. H. pylori could cause gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations. Antibiotic resistance can happen primarily and occurs during treatment. We aimed to evaluate the resistance gene of H. pylori obtained from gastric biopsy by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in Iranian children over 3 years old. Materials and Methods This study was a cross-sectional to evaluate the resistance gene of H. pylori obtained from gastric biopsy by polymerase chain reaction method for metronidazole and clarithromycin in children over three years old referring to the Mofid Children s Medical Center in Tehran, Iran. Results: Finally, data from seventy-nine samples included (mean age=10.7 years and male gender = 60.8%). Beta Globulin (BG) gene were detectable in 75 (94.93%) specimens of 79 (100%). Seventeen out of 75 specimens showed positive results for molecular detection of H. pylori. The results of RFLP-PCR technique showed that mutation of RdxA gene in seven of 17 (41.1%) for Metronidazole resistance and one case of 17 (5.8%) mutation of 23Y RNA gene that leads to clarithromycin resistance. Conclusion: Regarding the results of our study, it is better to check microbial resistance by culture and antibiogram for the antibiotic regimen of the first and second line of H. pylori treatment in children.

Antibiotic resistance, Children, Helicobacter pylori, Infection