Aslan Ahmadi - ENT-Head and Neck Surgery Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital , Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Mahdi Salem - ENT-Head and Neck Surgery Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital , Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Mahdi Safdarian - ENT-Head and Neck Surgery Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital , Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Shahriar Ilkhani - ENT-Head and Neck Surgery Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital , Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: Actinomycosis of the larynx has been rarely reported in the literature and usually occurs in patients with a history of laryngeal carcinoma and radiation therapy. However, its co-existence with chondroradionecrosis due to radiotherapy is even rarer. The most common site of infection is the cervicofacial region, especially in the submandibular area.   Case Report: Here we report a 63-year-old male with a history of chemoradiotherapy because of laryngeal cancer 1 year earlier who presented with laryngeal actinomycosis. After prolonged penicillin-based treatment, the patient underwent thyroid cartilage defect reconstructive surgery because of a laryngocutaneous fistula due to chondroradionecrosis. The diagnosis, work-up, and management of the case are discussed, as well as a review of the literature.   Conclusion: Although actinomycotic infection of the larynx is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of laryngeal complaints, especially in immunocompromised patients.

Actinomycosis, fistula, Larynx