Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the essential oils of Yarrow (Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch.) wild masses in the west-Azerbaijan province of Iran

Yarrow (Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch.) is a medicinal plant that has many medicinal properties that grow in Iran. In this study after identification of the plant habitats in West-Azerbaijan province, samples of the plants were collected at the flowering stage from three regions Mahabad-Borhan, Miandoab-Qaryaghdi, and Simineh-City entrance. After drying the plants, the essential oils were isolated by Clevenger s apparatus and the components were analyzed by a gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS).The results showed that the percentage and type of essential oil components were different among the masses. Totally 24 essential oil components were identified that 15 components were in the Mahabad-Borhan population, 14 components were in the Miandoab-Qaryagadi population, 9 components were in the Simineh-City entrancepopulation. The most important components in the Miandoab-Qaryaghdi included Camphor (42.45%), Gamaterpinene (10.35%), Piperitone (7.08%), Alpha-thujone (7.04%), Camphene (6.62%), 1,8-cineole (6.21%) and trans-Carveol (5.82%). The most important components in the Mahabad-Borhan included Camphor (27.97%), Gamaelemene(18.57%), Piperitone (16.83%) and 1,8-cineole (8.72%). Also, the most important components in the Simineh-City entrance included Camphor (50.01%), 1,8- cineole (14.56%), Alpha-thujone (8.89%), Transe pipertiol (6.29%), ) Beta-thujone (6.04%) and Borneol (5.73%). According to the results, the components of Camphor, Alpha-thujone, 1,8-cineole, Piperitone, and Camphene are the predominant essential oils components in all three masses. The highest percentage of the essential oil composition in all three populations is related to Camphor. A population of the Simineh-City entrance with a high content of Camphor, the population Mahabad-Borhan with a high content of Gamma-elemene and Piperitone and the Miandoab-Qaryaghdi with a high content of Camphor and Gama-terpinene, can be used for the pharmaceutical industry and breeding programs of this plant.

کلیدواژه ها:

West-Azerbaijan ، Yarrow ، Essential Oil ، GC/MS ، Camphor