Mehrnaz Karimi Afshar - Post graduate student, school of dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Molook Torabi - Associate professor, school of dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

troduction: Todays dental implants are an ideal treatment for missing teeth. Despite of successful rate up to 98% ,there are biologic complications such as periimplantitis(PI) andperi implant mucositis (PIM).PIM is an inflammatory disease that confined to mucosa around the dental implant and is reversible ,but PI affect alveolar bone that can lead toimplant failure. Biofilm formation of the implant surface is the cause of PI and PIM. prevalence of PIM and PI reported up to 80% and 56% respectively . Methods and materials: this review was performed in MedLine (PubMed), and Scopus databases in 2011-2018, by using implant, gingival crevicular fluid and peri-implantitisand cytokine key words. Results: The main factor of PI is plaque bacterial, but there are strong association betweenreleasing cytokines such as IL1β, IL-6, IL8, IL10, IL 12.TNF α and bone resorption. Dental implant surgery release large amount of cytokine in local .These cytokinesgradually decreased about 8 months. Cytokine releasing after this time is an important factor in PI development. In the present study we will discuss about prevalence,microbiology ,involved cytokines and treatment method of PI.Conclusion: Studies show pro -inflammatory cytokines in PI are more than healthy implants.

cytokine, peri -implantitis, gingival crecicular fluid, biomarker