Elham Sheykhsaran - Immunology Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Elham Sheykhsaran - Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Elham Sheykhsaran - Students’ Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Background: Brucellosis, especially caused by Brucella melitensis, is one of the most common zoonotic diseases worldwide with more than 500,000 human cases reported annually.The disease has a limited geographic distribution, but it remains a major public health problem in the Mediterranean region, western Asia, parts of Africa and Latin America. Methods: Studying a lot of published literatures in order to coolect some facts about Brucellosis. Results: The causative organisms are Gram‐negative facultative intracellular pathogens that may affect a range of different mammals including man, cattle, sheep, goats, swine, rodents and marine mammals.Human brucellosis is transmitted by inhalation, animal contact, and consumption of unpasteurized dairy products and undercooked meat products.The gold standard in the diagnosis of brucellosis is bacterial isolation, which requires long cultivation periods. Therapy is based on tetracyclines with or without rifampicin, aminoglycosides, or quinolones.No satisfactory vaccines against human brucellosis are available, although attenuated purE mutants appear promising . Conclusion: Despite the advances made in surveillance and control, the prevalence of brucellosis is increasing in many developing countries due to various sanitary, socioeconomic, political factors.The severity of disease and lack of vaccines suitable for use in man has led to the investigation of Brucella as agents for bioterrorism.The clinical presentations of brucellosis in man received much attention, with detailed descriptions.Definite diagnosis requires isolation of Brucellae from blood, bone marrow or other tissues. However, cultural examinations are time-consuming, hazardous and not sensitive.

Brucella melitensis, zoonosis, Interacellular