Shahrbano Malakdar - Department of Nanotechnology, Guilan University, Rasht, Guilan, Iran
Vahid Mottagitalab - Associate Professor, Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan

Bioenergy is a renewable energy that plays an indispensable role in meeting today’s energy needs. Unlike biofuels, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) convert energy harvested from redox reactions directly into bioelectricity. MFCs can use low-grade organic carbons as fuels in waste streams. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have used impressive developments for many purposes until now decade. Even with the noticeable improvements in power generation, the large-scale application of MFCs is still limited due to the low power generation withe high cost.The anode electrode plays an important role in the performance and cost of MFCs. The electrode materials in MFCs have special characteristics. In general, electrode materials must have good conduction, excellent biocompatibility, good chemical stability, high mechanical strength and low cost. So the anode material design has attracted an enormous number of studies over the past decade. The present chapter summarizes and discusses the recent advances in anode materials and their configurations.

MFC- anode electrode - electron transfer - wastewater treatment – bioenergy