Personalized Medicine: From Biomarkers to progress in cancers and genetic disorders testing

In recent years, there has been an amazing increase in the number of use biomarkers in detection of genetic diseases and cancers. There are many papers indexed in PubMed.gov directly related to use of biomarkers. Although many of these papers refer to report clinically useful molecular biomarkers. Improvement in biomarker technology, coupled with the companion clinical diagnostic laboratory tests, continue to advance this field, where individualized and customized treatment suitable for each individual patient define the standard of careUse of molecular biomarkers has excluded their widespread adoption in treatment. For example in Diabetic kidney disease, when the high risk of progressive renal function loss and end-stage renal disease for patients are important, molecular biomarkers can early identification of a renal risk. Therefor novel biomarkers may aid in improving renal risk stratification and other diseases. In other early detection of cancer can particularly reduce cancer mortality and saves lives.In this review, focus on the novel biomarkers in renal disease such as primarily concentrating on assay-based multiple/panel biomarkers; proteomics biomarkers and metabolomics biomarkers are most important biomarker in early identification of a renal risk. instanceCancer biomarkers included a broad range of biochemical compounds, such as nucleic acids, proteins, sugars, small metabolites, and cytogenetic and cytokinetic parameters, as well as entire tumor cells found in the body fluid.These biomarkers can be used for risk evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, and for the prediction of treatment efficacy and toxicity and recurrence. As result, clinical predictions based on molecular biomarkers will be demonstrated on the clinician’s screen during the physician–patient interaction and patient outcomes. This will be an interest for the future identify novel biomarkers that can be used to monitor drug efficacy, generate information about the molecular mechanisms through which drugs exert their effects and provide insight into novel drug targets.

کلیدواژه ها:

Molecular Biomarkers ، Testing ، Cancer ، Diabetic kidney disease ، diagnosis