Biomarkers of Alzheimer s Disease in Saliva

kground: Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is the most common aging neurodegenerative disorder, AD process is probably initiated many years before the clinical onset. biomarkers ofpreclinical disease are important for the development of disease modifying or even preventative therapies. Alzheimer’s disease(AD) Biomarkers often study by using of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma as diagnostic specimens. Collecting CSF is a relatively invasive procedure that is not an ideal sample source for screening or early diagnosis of AD. To obtain a salivary specimen is noninvasive and relatively stress free, saliva can serve as potential alternative and universal diagnostic fluid. Detection of salivary proteins that are critically involved in AD, respectively, confirm the potential diagnostic value of saliva for neuro-degenerative disease. Method: All papers about salivary biomarkers in Alzheimer s Disease in pubmed, google & scopus. Results: • amyloid β: Those are critically involved in AD • Salivary tau species: salivary tau species could be ideal biomarkers for AD diagnosis, especially at early stages of the disease or even screening asymptomatic subjects • Lactoferrin: Salivary lactoferrin can be used for population screening and for identifying those underdiagnosed subjects with very early stages of mild cognitive impairment and AD. • Salivary trehalose: salivary trehalose, might be a potential biomarker for AD and could be distinguished by using Drosophila cells (cell-based biosensor). The cell-based biosensor provides a sensitive and direct approach for salivary sugar detection and may be used in the future as a screening method for AD. • 1H NMR metabolomics: The research has shown the potential for usingmetabolomics in saliva for the early diagnosis of AD. • Salivary acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity: The activity of the enzyme was significantly lower in people with AD than in age-matched controls. • Salivary cortisol: Increasing of cortisol values in AD patients CONCLUSIONS: Easy and convenience collection of saliva, the development ofaccurate and sensitive salivary biomarkers would be ideal for screening or diagnosis, especially at early stages of the disease those at greatest risk of developing AD.

کلیدواژه ها:

Alzheimer s Disease ، Saliva ، Biomarker