Autism, New Perspective to Approaches

Autism is a well-known and very concerning disorder in and around the world. The rate of the persons involved in autism madly increase and from one per 10000 in 2009 reached to one per 100 in 2017. In recent decades the slope of diagnosis of mental disability decreased and at the same time, the slope of diagnosis of autism increased. The autisms labeled as a mental disability before. Now, with specific tools, checklists, and interview, we can diagnose this group of developmental disorders exactly. Early intervention decreased the rate of impairments and increased the level of activity and participation of these clients in the society. In ASD; two domains are hurt dramatically: 1)Communicational and social disorders: These signs and symptom must develop in early childhood and make dysfunction in the client. 2) Stereotypical and limited behaviors and interests: Function of that are: (Attention, Access, Escape, Self-stimulatory). This sensory disorder showed stereotypes and ritual movement. Interventions try to manage these dysfunctions and get better function in their daily living and increased their participation in the society. Intervention must be designed in oriented play and activity and in attractive and meaning full ways. Most well-known interventions are including (Intensive Interaction, ABA, TEACCH, and PECS). In intensive interaction, try to make a bond between client and therapist. Intensive interaction makes a field for further interventions appropriately. In ABA, by using of behavioral modification ،direct and indirectchaining and shaping techniques try to make a new behavior and decrease or omit the inappropriate behaviors. In TEACCH, by structured environment, facilitate allthe activities of client and try to improve his participation in society. In PECS, by using pictures improve the communication and manage the impairments. All these techniques are used to improve and get the best level of capacity of client in his/her function; communication and participation in society.

کلیدواژه ها:

Autism ، Habilitation ، Behavioral modification ، TEACCH ، ABA