Saeid Vakilian - Chemical engineering department, Sharif University of technology, PC11365-11155, Tehran,iran.
Shohreh Mashayekhan - Chemical engineering department, Sharif University of technology, PC11365-11155, Tehran,iran.
Soheila Yaghmai - Chemical engineering department, Sharif University of technology, PC11365-11155, Tehran,iran.
Iman Shabani - Department of Polymer Eng. & Color Tech.AmirKabir university of technology, Tehran, iran

In recent years, an increasing tendency has been observed toward the combination of scaffolds and biomolecules, e.g. growth factors to achieve bioactive scaffolds, which not onlyprovide physical support but also express biological signals to modulate cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. thescaffolds with controlled release of biomolecules can induce the seeded cells to proliferate and differentiate during an ex vivo pre-culture period, thereby encouraging tissue formation after implantation in vivo. There are several techniques to prepare bioactive electrospun scaffolds, including physicaladsorption, blend electrospinning, coaxial electrospinning, and covalent immobilization.[1] Since there are some reports onthe above mentioned techniques problems (i.e., protein instability, technical complexity, and difficulties in accurate kinetics prediction), here we applied a novel system ofnonofibers containing desired protein-loaded nanoparticles.[2] Moreover, we used nanofibers with multi-layered structure in order to obtain a sustained release of the protein.[4]