Sarah Barani-nia - M.A. archeology/ anthropology
Mohammad Mehdi Tavassoli - Associate professor, Dept. of Archeology/anthropologist, University of Sistan and Balochestan, Iran.

Most fossils discovered in human types were relevant to the old Homo sapiens. Since the first discovery of fossil bones of this kind in the late 1820s was discovered from Neander of Germany became known as Neanderthal. Apparently, this type had migrated from Africa to Europe and Asia about 160 thousand years ago during the Upper Pleistocene period. Studies on Neanderthal man showed that this kind had more compatibility and greater sense than before. Fossils of this type were discovered later in Asia (such as in Shanidar Cave in Iraq) and in different places of Africa; however, no other ancient human species like Neanderthals had not caused discussion and mistake in terms of biological anthropology during the past century and a half. In this study, it has performed a comparative study of Neanderthal with before and after species with the purpose of verification of the proposed theories of this kind from scientific perspective and from the perspective of the Quran. Method of the research was in field type (cronometry of Neanderthal forms in India) and library (critical analysis of the main sources) to compare the Neanderthal with Homo sapiens and Homo erectus. These two and Neanderthal were different in skull volume, prominent lines on the skull, length of the parietal bone, occipital bone dimensions, form of bottom of the skull, big bones on faces and size of the teeth. It seems that the unique appearance of the Neanderthals kind comply with the cold environment that existed during the Ice Age. Neanderthal man although has many similarities with modern Homo sapiens, but this type was distinct from Homo sapiens and this is clear in their morphology. Neanderthal footprint was completely missing from 30 to 35 thousand years ago, so the extinction of this kind was of complex riddles of Paleolithic anthropology

Neanderthals mankind, Evolution, Darwin theory, Theory of the Holy Qur'an