Combination of electro membrane assisted solid phase micro extraction with electrochemical detection a new strategy for selective and sensitive electroanalysis

This paper aims to introduce a new analytical strategy based on electromembrane-assisted solid phase micro-extraction (EMSPME) coupled with electrochemical detection for the electroanalysis of tramadol as a model analyte from urine samples. For this purpose, reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) spin-coated pencil lead was used not only as a solid sorbent for SPME and reinforced cathode of electromembrane extraction (EME) but also, as the working electrode(pencil modified electrode) in electrochemical analysis. A Box–Behnken design and the response surface methodology were used for the optimization of different variables affecting theextraction efficiency. In optimized condition, the detection limit of tramadol was obtained to be 0.0030 μg mL-1. Dynamic ranges of the method were obtained within the range of 0.010 to 0.50 and 0.50 to 50 μ g mL-1. The process of coupling SPME with EME decreases the detection limit of the method in urine samples. In addition, EM-SPME can remove the interfering effect ofacids, carbohydrates, anions and also other polar compounds that suppress low log P during the measurement.

کلیدواژه ها:

Electro membrane extraction ، Solid phase micro extraction ، Spin-coating ، Reduced graphene oxide ، Tramadol electrochemical sensor