M Alizadeh - Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of New Technologies Engineering, Shahid BeheshtiUniversity, G. C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
H Askari - Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of New Technologies Engineering, Shahid BeheshtiUniversity, G. C., Evin, Tehran, Iran

The plant-pathogen interaction is a multifactor process that may lead to resistance or susceptibleresponses of plant to pathogens. During the arms race between plant and pathogens, various biochemical,molecular and physiological events are triggered in plant cells such as ROS signaling, hormone activationand gene expression reprogramming. In plants, microRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcriptionalregulators of gene expression and are involved in several cellular processes including response toenvironmental stress. In recent years, plant pathologists have presented a logical approach of plantimmune system as zigzag based model that includes two phases of immunity, PTI and ETI in whichmiRNA molecules are determinant regulators. Here, we present an overview of miRNA biology, a briefexplanation of plant immune systems in zigzag model, the role of phytohormones and miRNAs in plantimmunity with a main focus on Arabidopsis-Pseudomonas interactions and finally we discuss our resultson miRNA expression in lemon-Xanthomonas interactions.

Effector-Triggered immunity, miRNAs, PAMP-Triggered immunity, Plant immune systems