Jamshid Piri - Department of Water Engineering, Soil and Water College, University of Zabol, I.R. Iran
Atefeh Mir - Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Iran
Mohammad Reza Rezaei Kahkha - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, University of Zabol Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran

Recognizing a great number of important processes in agriculture and environment requires sufficient information of soil physics. A quite significant relationship exists between the depth of the static surface and evaporation from the soil surface in arid and semi-arid areas. In these areas, generally due to over- irrigation, the static surface approaches the ground and leads to soil salinity. These conditions may be observed on the banks of lakes and rivers. To protect these rare resources such as the underground water and prevent solidity of low lands, a proper management is essential. In this study, it has been attempted to analyze the location of evaporation front and evaporation intensity through simulation method. There was a suitable harmony between the results obtained from evaluation and simulation of evaporation front depth and evaporation intensity in different depths of static surface and various tissues. After 77 days, the front depth of evaporation in the static levels of sandy loam soil with 30, 40, and 70 cm depths were 6.14, 7.85, and 13.86 cm, respectively. The heavier the soil tissue, the deeper the static level. Moreover, after 77 days, for the loam soil, the evaporation depth in the static levels of 30, 40, and 70 cm were 5.23, 7.27, and 12.2 cm, and for the clay loam soil, they are 5.4, 7.2, and 10.9 cm, respectively. The deeper the static level, the deeper the evaporation front depth. Simulation of evaporation front depth for sandy soil regarding both loam and clay loam textures have more correspondence with calibrated depth of evaporation front. Using Gardener model, the evaporation front depth and the evaporation intensity of sandy loam, loam, and clay loam soils were simulated in the static levels of 30, 40, 70 cm by which need different evaporation rates. In order to compare the calibrated amounts with the simulation of the evaporation front depth and the evaporation intensity, F. statistical test was employed.

Evaporation from bare soil, front depth, static surfaces, Gardner model