Application Methods of FULZYMEPLUS Biofertilizer on Morphological, Physiological Characteristics and Yield Components in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

In recent years the use of chemical inputs in agriculture creates too many environmental problems such as water pollution, loss of soil fertility and decrease the quality of products have been (Nain et al, 2010). Based agricultural biofertilizers, with the goal of reducing and eliminating chemical inputs in an optimal way to overcome these problems is considered. As regards the limited researchs on the impact of these biofertilizers on growth characteristics and yield of wheat in Iran, especially Khorasan, This study was based. Biological fertilizers containing micro-organisms that are plant hormones, biological nitrogen fixation, and facilitate nutrient uptake from the soil and the biological control of plant pathogens, plant growth is affected (Vessey, 2003). There are Clear evidence of improvement or plant's quality and quantity by using bio-fertilizers but that reason is complex and it can be due to interactions of plants and microorganisms, microorganisms and signal transduction in plant defense responses attributed (Karthikeyan et al, 2008). The results of most studies on the growth of cereals and grasses, especially wheat inoculated with Azospirillum showed an increase in growth parameters such as plant height (Amir et al, 1991). Kizilkay (2008) showed that Azotobacter can be up to 84% yield increase. Halajnia et al (2009) showed that several varieties of wheat seed inoculation with Azospirillum increased the yield was 18-9%. Several studies have shown that Azotobacter inoculation in cereals lead to increase in nitrogen uptake and grain yield (Kumar et al, 2005). One kind of Commercial biofertilizers containing the bacteria Bacillus subtilis, is Fulzaym )Fulzyme plus ( which is contained the name of the bacteria and organic material and some enzymes protease, amylase, lipase and chitinase. According to the manufacturer, the use of fertilizers dissolve elements such as phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, potassium and lead to better position elements available for plant roots, is helping to break down crop residues and organic matter and prevent the spread of pathogens .