A. Omidvar - School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
R. Tavakkoli-Moghaddam - School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
M. Arvan - School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran

fueled vehicles is an inevitable phenomenon. However, a proper infrastructurefor exploitation and refueling is not available in many countries. Therefore, it isnecessary to track the refueling schedule in the decision making. Moreover,congestion avoidance is another key towards livability and has a major impact onemission reduction. The two main contributions of this thesis are utilization ofalternative fueled vehicles and heavy congestion avoidance in urban areas. Thispaper, unlike other routing and transportation problems where the speed isconsidered to be steady, if considers a good approximation of speed levels for allroutes. Then, with the aid of an accurate emission and fuel consumptioncalculation models based on the speed, the amount of CO2 emission is calculated,and finally a graph-based operational research model for routing and schedulingtracks of fuel level for each node and, if necessary, activates the refueling plan.Moreover, according to fuel consumption calculation, the model aims to findroutes with the minimum CO2 emission level. In addition, the outputs of the firstmodel will be imported to the second, where departure and arrival times from/tonodes, as well as exact adjustment of speeds to optimality is aimed. Thesemodels are inspired by Shipping Transit Problem. It is noteworthy that for speedcalculation, a robust approach, i.e., queuing theory, is considered. All models aresolved to (near) optimality with exact and meta-heuristic algorithms. And finally,the impact of number of alternative fuel stations on the objective function isevaluated and analyzed.

Sustainability; Livability; Vehicle routing and scheduling; Trafficmanagement; Transit