Hamid Arabzadeh - Instructor , PNU University
Mostafa Zeinoddini - Associated Professor , KNTU University

Pipes are often subjected to heavy accidental transverse loads, which may cause significant damages. The pipes’ ability to absorb the applied load energy and transform it into plasticdeformation is of the particular interest in many practical engineering purposes. Furthermore, the response of oil and gas pipelines under transverse load conditions, caused by trawl gears or anchors, is of particular importance, because of the possible catastrophic consequences [1].These typical examples are illustrated in figure 1. Many studies have been carried out to evaluate the serviceability of damaged cylindrical members [2]. It is important to consider these effects, particularly in the presence of a relatively high pressure fluid in the pipe [3].The subject of lateral impacts on tubular members has received considerable attentions in the literature. Two-dimensional response of metal tubes under transverse (lateral) compressive loadshas been first investigated experimentally and analytically in 1963 [4–6]. The lateral load wasapplied through rigid plates and remained constant along the tube. Reid and Reddy [7] conducted additional research to account for strain-hardening effects, to improve the previous works. Reidand Bell [8], experimentally investigated the response of rings under two diametrically opposedconcentrated loads. They also proposed an analytical model to evaluate the major parameters which affect the capacity of tubes under transverse compressive loads [9]. Ghosh et al. [10] extended this work to investigate the response of short-length tubes and rings under opposedconcentrated loads. Leu [11] examined the two-dimensional collapse of aluminum tubes of various diameter-to-thickness (D/t) ratio under lateral compression between two rigid plates, using a nonlinear finite element simulation.

Pipeline, Lateral Impact, Internal Fluid, Dent