Integrating Safety-I and Safety-II Approaches in Construction Projects: A Narrative Review and Framework

The construction industry is one of the most hazardous industries in the world, facing safety challenges and high rates of work-related accidents, especially in developing countries such as Iran, where ۳۵% of all industrial accidents are related to construction accidents. Safety management in the construction industry is still mostly aligned with the Safety-I approach, which is based on learning from undesired events. The Safety-II approach, which emphasizes improving safety through the analysis of everyday work, is still poorly understood and used in the construction industry. This article proposes a framework for integrating Safety-I and Safety-II within construction sites, consisting of three phases: (i) comprehending work-as-imagined (WAI) versus work-as-done (WAD); (ii) assessing the disparity between WAI and WAD; and (iii) refining and updating WAI and WAD. This research highlights the positive outcomes that can be achieved via Safety-I and Safety-II integration in the construction industry. Additionally, this paper presents effective and practical strategies for embedding Safety-I and Safety-II approaches in construction, essential for fostering a holistic integrated safety management system. By combining existing safety practices with a focus on learning from successes, organisations can create a safer work environment, improve productivity and foster continuous improvement.

کلیدواژه ها:

Construction safety ، Safety-I ، Safety-II ، barriers