Designing a Blended Learning Model for Health Education in Collective Crises: A Case Study of Arbaeen Pilgrimage

Abstract Mass gatherings such as the Arbaeen pilgrimage present significant public health challenges due to the high density of participants, environmental factors, and the critical need for timely medical intervention. This study aims to design and develop a blended learning model that combines online and face-to-face educational approaches for health education during collective crises, with a particular focus on the Arbaeen pilgrimage. Adopting a developmental research approach, the model integrates principles of educational technology with emergency medical response training to enhance the preparedness and performance of healthcare personnel. The framework includes digital modules for theoretical knowledge and field-based exercises for practical skill development. Evaluation results indicate that the blended learning model significantly improves cognitive readiness, hands-on capabilities, decision-making, and situational adaptability of emergency medical services personnel in mass-gathering scenarios, ultimately contributing to more effective crisis management and better health outcomes for large populations. Keywords: Blended Learning, Health Education, Collective Crises, Arbaeen Pilgrimage, Emergency Medical Services (EMS)

کلیدواژه ها:

Blended Learning ، Health Education ، Collective Crises ، Arbaeen Pilgrimage ، Emergency Medical Services (EMS)