A Systematic Review of the Role of Environmental and Occupational Factors in Preventing Couple Infertility

Infertility in couples is influenced by environmental and occupational factors, including exposure to chemicals, pollutants, and workplace stressors. Identifying these factors and implementing preventive strategies can enhance reproductive outcomes and support fertility preservation. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using the keywords 'infertility,' 'environmental exposure,' and 'occupational health,' with no time restriction up to May ۲۰۲۵. Observational studies and clinical trials with a Jadad score ≥۳ (for randomized controlled trials) or equivalent quality for observational studies were included. Conference abstracts were excluded. Data were synthesized qualitatively. Of ۴,۱۲۳ articles identified, ۶۳ met the inclusion criteria, with ۱۳ studies selected after removing duplicates. Exposure to heavy metals (e.g., lead, mercury) and chemicals (e.g., bisphenol A, phthalates) was associated with reduced sperm count and ovulation disorders (p<۰.۰۵). High-stress occupations or those involving elevated temperatures (e.g., welding) increased infertility risk by up to ۳۰%. Interventions such as personal protective equipment and workplace modifications improved sperm quality and ovulation rates. Educational programs also demonstrated significant effectiveness in mitigating risks. Environmental and occupational factors substantially impact couple infertility. Policies aimed at reducing exposure, such as enhanced ventilation and targeted education, offer effective preventive measures. Longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm causal relationships. These interventions can be integrated into reproductive health programs to optimize fertility outcomes.

کلیدواژه ها:

Couple infertility ، Environmental exposure ، Occupational health ، Infertility prevention ، Reproductive health