Analysis of Laws to Mitigate GHGs Emission in Developed Countries

This s tudy examines the evolution of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation laws indeveloped countries, focusing on legislative trends, policy frameworks, and their rolein global climate governance. Using the Human Development Index (HDI) to classifydeveloped nations, mitigation laws were sys tematically extracted from the ClimateChange Laws of the World (CCLW) database. The s tudy categorizes these laws intoresource, actor, and governance sys tems within a socio-ecological framework, furthersubdivided into ۱۹ key subsys tems. Since ۱۹۷۶, ۵۹ developed countries have enacted۳۶۷ mitigation laws, accounting for ۶۲% of global mitigation legislation. While earlylaws were limited in scope, the enactment of international agreements such as theKyoto Protocol (۱۹۹۷) and the Paris Agreement (۲۰۱۵) accelerated legislative efforts.The mos t subs tantial increase occurred after ۲۰۰۰, with Germany leading in legislativeactivity. Despite progress, challenges persis t, including enforcement gaps, financialcons traints, and conflicting economic priorities, which can hinder the effectiveness ofthese laws. A temporal and spatial analysis of mitigation laws indicates a shift fromisolated policies to comprehensive s trategies incorporating financial mechanisms,carbon pricing, and green economic initiatives. Europe leads in legislative efforts,followed by the Americas and Asia. The s tudy also highlights the predominant focuson energy, transport, and building sectors, emphasizing the role of policy in drivinglow-carbon transitions. While these laws contribute to emission reduction, furtherresearch is needed to assess their real impact, policy coherence, and enforcementmechanisms. S trengthening implementation frameworks will be essential to achievinglong-term climate goals.

کلیدواژه ها:

Climate change ، Mitigation ، developed countries ، legislation ، Socio-ecological systems