Optimization Process for the Synthesis of Polyol-Oleates from Malaysian Unsaturated Palm Fatty Acid Distillate
- سال انتشار: 1401
- محل انتشار: Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering، دوره: 41، شماره: 9
- کد COI اختصاصی: JR_IJCCE-41-9_008
- زبان مقاله: انگلیسی
- تعداد مشاهده: 59
نویسندگان
Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, ۴۳۶۰۰ Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA
Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, ۴۳۶۰۰ Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA
Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, ۴۳۶۰۰ Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA
چکیده
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a cheap and valuable by-product of edible oil processing industries. Palm fatty acid distillates are generally used in the soap industry, animal feed industry, and as raw materials for oleochemical industries, in the manufacture of candles, cosmetics, and toiletries. Other applications include their use as food emulsifiers, an aid in rubber processing, in the Flavors and fragrance industries well as in pharmaceutical products. Vitamin E has been extracted commercially from PFAD for encapsulation. This study was carried out to determine the optimization conditions for the esterification of Malaysian PFAD with high-degree polyhydric alcohols (TMP, Di-TMP, PE, and Di-PE) in the presence of sulphuric acid as a catalyst based on four reaction parameters; reaction temperature (°C), reaction time (h), the effect of different alcohols, and molar ratios. The results show that a high conversion of ۸۹% USFA-TMP ester was observed at ۱۵۰°C, the optimal time for the esterification at ۶ h to obtain ۹۱% tri-ester yield, TMP ester produced the highest yield percentage (۹۱%) and the optimum molar ratios were ۳.۵:۱ (USFA: TMP), ۴.۵:۱ (USFA-Di-TMP and USFA: PE) and ۶.۵:۱ (USFA: Di-PE).کلیدواژه ها
Unsaturated palm fatty acid distillate, Esterification, Polyol-oleates, Optimization processاطلاعات بیشتر در مورد COI
COI مخفف عبارت CIVILICA Object Identifier به معنی شناسه سیویلیکا برای اسناد است. COI کدی است که مطابق محل انتشار، به مقالات کنفرانسها و ژورنالهای داخل کشور به هنگام نمایه سازی بر روی پایگاه استنادی سیویلیکا اختصاص می یابد.
کد COI به مفهوم کد ملی اسناد نمایه شده در سیویلیکا است و کدی یکتا و ثابت است و به همین دلیل همواره قابلیت استناد و پیگیری دارد.