Quantitative Insights into G Protein Signaling: A Review of Recent SPR Methodologies and Discoveries

سال انتشار: 1404
محل انتشار: دومین کنفرانس بین المللی کامپیوتر، برق، مکانیک و علوم مهندسی
کد COI اختصاصی: CMELC02_097
زبان مقاله: انگلیسی
تعداد مشاهده: 154

نویسندگان

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Niloufar Zoghmand

Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), one of the largest and most versatile protein families, play a central role in transducing extracellular signals into intracellular responses and represent a significant class of therapeutic targets, especially in oncology. Aberrant GPCR signaling is increasingly recognized as a hallmark of various cancers, highlighting the urgent need for precise tools to decode their signaling dynamics. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor technology has emerged as a powerful, label-free, real-time method to investigate these dynamic biomolecular interactions quantitatively. This review focuses on the significant contributions and advancements in applying SPR to G protein signaling research. We discuss SPR methodologies tailored for studying GPCRs and G proteins, including innovative immobilization strategies and analytical approaches. Key applications are highlighted, such as the characterization of ligand-GPCR binding kinetics, GPCR-G protein coupling and nucleotide exchange dynamics, interactions between G protein subunits and their effectors, and the elucidation of biased agonism. Furthermore, we examine the synergistic integration of SPR with complementary techniques such as cryo-electron microscopy and computational modeling, offering a multidimensional approach to understanding GPCR signaling. By illuminating the molecular intricacies underpinning GPCR-mediated pathways, SPR is advancing our mechanistic insights and catalyzing the development of next-generation therapeutics. This review underscores the transformative impact of SPR in GPCR research and its pivotal role in driving innovation in targeted therapy and precision medicine.

کلیدواژه ها

G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), Signal Transduction, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), Biomolecular Interactions, drug delivery

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