Advancing Towards Clean Energy in the Electricity Sector: A Comparative Analysis of Iran and Global Trends, Achievements, and Future Perspectives

سال انتشار: 1403
محل انتشار: اولین کنفرانس ملی محیط زیست، آب و انرژی پاک
کد COI اختصاصی: CEWCE01_098
زبان مقاله: انگلیسی
تعداد مشاهده: 68

نویسندگان

Faculty of Technical and Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

چکیده

Background and Objectives: Fossil-fuel power plants are significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Despite concerted efforts to reduce reliance on these plants, over ۶۰% of electricity production will still come from fossil sources as of ۲۰۲۳. The continuous rise in electric load has hindered the rapid transition away from fossil fuel dependency, prompting governments to operate both fossil and renewable power plants at their maximum capacity during peak demand seasons. Methods: Strategies such as demand response (DR) have gained attention in the energy distribution sector. While DR can provide temporary solutions to energy imbalances, often resulting in increased costs for consumers, it does not comprehensively address the underlying issues. An alternative approach is to integrate renewable energy sources. Despite challenges, such as intermittency and relatively high initial costs, many countries are keen to harness these resources based on their unique geographical advantages. Among various renewable energy sources, solar and wind systems have emerged as frontrunners, with solar energy gaining momentum. However, the simultaneous reduction of fossil fuel sources—considered stable components of the electricity grid—paired with the increase in renewable sources can lead to a decrease in grid stability. To address these challenges, Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are gaining prominence as modern solutions. SMRs effectively address the limitations associated with traditional nuclear power plants, such as lengthy construction times, high water requirements, and the focus on operations at a single site, which raises safety concerns. The smaller capacity of SMRs allows for their installation in diverse locations, coupled with faster construction timelines, making them an attractive option for enhancing energy security and stability. Findings: This study evaluates the use of alternative energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, detailing the advantages and disadvantages of each option. This emphasizes that the integration of renewable resources should consider the geographical conditions of each country. Therefore, the development of reliable nonrenewable sources, such as solar power plants, must go hand-in-hand with the expansion of renewable energy initiatives. Conclusion: Forecasts regarding the energy generation mix have been provided to support future planning. This balanced approach is essential for restructuring the electricity-production system. By aligning efforts toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting clean energy production, countries can adapt to global conditions, while ensuring a sustainable and resilient energy future.

کلیدواژه ها

Clean energy, demand response (DR), Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), Renewable energy sources (RESs), solar energy, greenhouse gas (GHG)

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