Abrupt climate change in the late third millennium BCE and the demise of the Jiroft Civilization
- سال انتشار: 1402
- محل انتشار: سومین همایش بین المللی و ششمین همایش ملی علوم کواترنری- انجمن کواترنری ایران
- کد COI اختصاصی: IQA06_019
- زبان مقاله: انگلیسی
- تعداد مشاهده: 65
نویسندگان
AGEs, Department of Geology, University of Liège, Belgium
MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Yale University, New Haven, CT ۰۶۵۲۰
Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Germany
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Faculty of Geosciences & MARUM, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
چکیده
The Jiroft Valley, southeastern Iran, was a West Asian hub for human settlement during the Chalcolithic and the Early Bronze Ages, ca. ۷۰۰۰-۲۲۰۰ BCE. The absence of detailed regional Holocene paleoclimate records, however, has obscured regional hydroclimate variability and its effects on Jiroft and adjacent region societal trajectories. Here, we present a high-resolution Holocene hydroclimatic record, including plant leaf-wax hydrogen isotope (δDwax), grain size, and elemental geochemistry, from a sediment core retrieved from the Konar Sandal peat bog (KSB), located near the major Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age settlements along the Halil River within the Jiroft Valley. Our results suggest that the region was influenced by the Indian Summer Monsoon between ~۱۰,۵۰۰ and ~۶,۰۰۰ cal. yr BP when coarse sediment deposits indicate that intense monsoon rainfall conditioned Neolithic settlement at higher elevations. A regional reorganization of atmospheric circulation at ~ ۶۰۰۰ BP shifted precipitation to the Midlatitude Westerlies and promoted Chalcolithic settlement along the Halil River. The succeeding Early Bronze Age urban growth, beginning ca. ۳۰۰۰ BCE, made Konar Sandal and the Jiroft Valley the well-documented center for the Iranian plateau and West Asian urban settlement, craft. specialization, and inter-regional trade in exotic materials. The proxy isotope records from the Konar Sandal peat bog (sampling resolution ۳۲ years) now document a regional abrupt, two-stage, aridification event at ca. ۴۲۰۰ BP (۲۲۰۰ BCE) that extended until ۳.۹ ka BP (۱۹۰۰ BC), synchronous with the ۴.۲ ka BP megadrought documented from Spain to China, and elsewhere on the Iranian Plateau, that severely displaced the Midlatitude Westerlies, Indian Summer Monsoon and East Asian Summer Monsoon precipitation systems which sustained both rain-fed and irrigation cereal agriculture economies. The abandonment of Konar Sandal and the region-wide Jiroft Valley settlement collapse at the ۴.۲ ka BPmegadrought was coincident with the adjacent regional abandonments and socio-political collapses of Old Kingdom Egypt, Akkadian Mesopotamia, Harappan Indus Valley and Longshan Yangtze River societies.کلیدواژه ها
Climate change, Bronze Age, Jiroft Civilization, ۴.۲ ka eventمقالات مرتبط جدید
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