Maira Kussainova - Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Maxat Toishimanov۱ - Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Anel Syzdyk - Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Timur Tamenov - Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Nursultan Nurgali - Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Jiquan Chen - Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

Interest in studying the influence of the conditions of the year and time of day on the soil temperature indicators has been increasing in recent years to develop new adaptive strategies in agriculture and provide scientific substantiation for making decisions on the sustainable use and protection of natural resources. No research in this direction has been conducted in Kazakhstan to date. The presented studies were carried out in ۲۰۲۱-۲۰۲۳ in the dry network of the Ili Alatau in the Almaty region. The soil temperature was measured at ۱۰ cm depth with CS۱۰۷ thermocouples, and the average temperature was recorded every hour using the CR-۱۰ datalogger. The data analysis was carried out using RStudio. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence some factors such as the year, month, and time of day on the soil temperature indicators. It was found that the year, month, and time of day have a significant impact on the indicators of the variable temperature. This indicator amounted to -۱.۶, ۷.۵, and -۵.۲ °С in ۲۰۲۱, ۲۰۲۲, and ۲۰۲۳, respectively. The soil temperature warmed up most significantly between ۱۲ PM and ۶ PM (۸.۶-۱۷.۳ °С). The average soil temperature by ۹ PM, ۱۲ AM, ۳ AM, ۶ AM, and ۹ AM decreased to ۳.۸, -۰.۶, ۲.۹, -۴.۰, and -۲.۹ °С, respectively. The average monthly temperature indicators were ۴.۳-۸.۳ °C in March and October. They were higher in April and September (۱۱.۷-۱۴.۶ °С). They were the highest in June, July, August, and September (۲۰.۳-۲۵.۸ °С). The results of the study are of fundamental importance for developing new adaptive strategies in agriculture and providing scientific substantiation for making decisions on the sustainable use and protection of natural resources.

Soil temperature, factors, Season, Time of day, Kazakhstan