Mohammad Reza Asgari - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan,Isfahan ۸۱۷۴۶-۷۳۴۴۱, Iran
Amir Goshadrou - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan,Isfahan ۸۱۷۴۶-۷۳۴۴۱, Iran

Bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is a sustainable alternative for fossil fuels.Enhancing production rate and cost effectiveness is a major step in this process.Pretreatment of biomass is a solution which uplifts justification of this process. Alkalipretreatment, as a more reliable pretreatment and operating in milder conditions, is awell-known and assured method which also needs to be optimized and improved [۱].Assisting from other pretreatment methods, such as mild acid, microwave radiation,hot water expansion or ultrasound are mentionable [۲]. Ultrasound, among others,due to having moderated terms and not producing chemicals is an environmentfriendly and applicable method. Quinoa waste (QW), in this article, was used asbiomass and chemical characteristics, for instance, cellulose, hemicellulose, andlignin got compared before and after ultra-sonication. Hopefully, the assisted methodnot only improved characteristics but also elevated enzymatic hydrolysis yield andcellulose conversion to fermentable sugars. Best delignification achieved by USNaOHpretreatment at ۹۰ °C for ۱h with ۵% (w/v) alkali solution. Celluloseconversion rate also improved and reached ۹۲%, which is highly efficient andoperational. This conversion rate has been achieved from biomass that was pretreatedat ۹۰ °C for ۳h with ۸% (w/v) alkali solution

Delignification, Alkali pretreatment, quinoa waste (QW), Hydrolysis yield, ultra-sonication