Yasamin Pesaran Afsharian - Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Microsporidia are unicellular organisms that can function as living cell parasites. Despite the fact that entomopathogenic microsporidian fungi are unsatisfactory microbial pesticides (in exception for destroying invertebrates), they generally were used in agricultural section. Researchers shown that most of the microsporidia species have a noticeable potential to act as natural control agents, and this zenith is for their ability to distribute among living organisms by means of vertical or horizontal transmission techniques in both aquatic and continental environments. Besides being used as natural pest controllers, since some microsporidia species can damage beneficial insects, this paper would examine mechanisms of microsporidia transmission in different environments in the purpose of increasing their impact on target ecological hosts and, simultaneously, decreasing the possibility of microsporidia transmission among other beneficial creatures.Microsporidia are unicellular organisms that can function as living cell parasites. Despite the fact that entomopathogenic microsporidian fungi are unsatisfactory microbial pesticides (in exception for destroying invertebrates), they generally were used in agricultural section. Researchers shown that most of the microsporidia species have a noticeable potential to act as natural control agents, and this zenith is for their ability to distribute among living organisms by means of vertical or horizontal transmission techniques in both aquatic and continental environments. Besides being used as natural pest controllers, since some microsporidia species can damage beneficial insects, this paper would examine mechanisms of microsporidia transmission in different environments in the purpose of increasing their impact on target ecological hosts and, simultaneously, decreasing the possibility of microsporidia transmission among other beneficial creatures.

Microsporidia, Biological control agent, Aquatic environments, Continental environments