Tesfa Kassa - Department of Animal Sciences, college of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekdela Amba University, Tulu Awulia, Ethiopia
Zemedkun Diffe - Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekdela Amba University, Tulu Awulia, Ethiopia

Feed additives are used in livestock feed and feeding to increase feed quality, the utility of feed derived from animals, and the performance and health of the animals. Digestibility gravies, rumen flora stabilizers, and microbial are some of the zoo's technological additions. Direct feed microbial are characterized as microbial-based feed additives, with a tighter definition than probiotics. It improves feed use by boosting energy usage per unit of feed and enhancing fiber digestibility. The term direct-fed microbial (DFM) was coined by the Food and Drug Administration and the American Feed Regulator Representatives Associations to describe a feed product that contains live, naturally occurring microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and yeast; the bacteria can produce or consume lactic acid. Microbial feed additives have traditionally been given to animals during stressful times in the hopes of establishing a beneficial microbe population in the digestive tract, which would reduce or prevent harmful organism development. DFM has several mechanisms of action, some of which affect the rumen and others which affect the gastrointestinal system. Lactic acid-generating bacteria (LAB) have a favorable impact on the rumen by reducing ruminal acidosis, encouraging the proliferation of ruminal microorganisms that have adapted to the presence of lactic acid in the rumen, and boosting lactic acid-using bacteria (LUB). LUB has been presented as a DFM that can lower lactate levels while maintaining ruminal pH. Through hydrophobic interactions, DFM can block or prevent pathogens like Escherichia coli from attaching to the intestinal mucosa. DFM medication helps dairy calves adapt quickly to solid feed by speeding up the formation of ruminal and intestinal microbes and preventing the spread of enteric pathogens, which can cause diarrhea. DFM was utilized to improve dairy cow performance by improving dry matter intake, milk output and protein content, as well as blood glucose and insulin levels before and after delivery. DFM is critical in beef cattle to prevent ruminal acidosis induced by highly fermentable diets, as well as to promote growth, meat output, and feed efficiency. Powders, pastes, boluses, and capsules are only some of the direct-fed microbial products available. It can be added to feed or ingested by drinking water. According to one study, feeding more than ۱۰۷ CFU per head per day may cause lower nutrient absorption due to overpopulation in the gastrointestinal tract.Dor: https://dorl.net/dor/۲۰.۱۰۰۱.۱.۲۳۴۵۴۳۷۷.۲۰۲۲.۱۰.۲.۳.۳Feed additives are used in livestock feed and feeding to increase feed quality, the utility of feed derived from animals, and the performance and health of the animals. Digestibility gravies, rumen flora stabilizers, and microbial are some of the zoo's technological additions. Direct feed microbial are characterized as microbial-based feed additives, with a tighter definition than probiotics. It improves feed use by boosting energy usage per unit of feed and enhancing fiber digestibility. The term direct-fed microbial (DFM) was coined by the Food and Drug Administration and the American Feed Regulator Representatives Associations to describe a feed product that contains live, naturally occurring microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and yeast; the bacteria can produce or consume lactic acid. Microbial feed additives have traditionally been given to animals during stressful times in the hopes of establishing a beneficial microbe population in the digestive tract, which would reduce or prevent harmful organism development. DFM has several mechanisms of action, some of which affect the rumen and others which affect the gastrointestinal system. Lactic acid-generating bacteria (LAB) have a favorable impact on the rumen by reducing ruminal acidosis, encouraging the proliferation of ruminal microorganisms that have adapted to the presence of lactic acid in the rumen, and boosting lactic acid-using bacteria (LUB). LUB has been presented as a DFM that can lower lactate levels while maintaining ruminal pH. Through hydrophobic interactions, DFM can block or prevent pathogens like Escherichia coli from attaching to the intestinal mucosa. DFM medication helps dairy calves adapt quickly to solid feed by speeding up the formation of ruminal and intestinal microbes and preventing the spread of enteric pathogens, which can cause diarrhea. DFM was utilized to improve dairy cow performance by improving dry matter intake, milk output and protein content, as well as blood glucose and insulin levels before and after delivery. DFM is critical in beef cattle to prevent ruminal acidosis induced by highly fermentable diets, as well as to promote growth, meat output, and feed efficiency. Powders, pastes, boluses, and capsules are only some of the direct-fed microbial products available. It can be added to feed or ingested by drinking water. According to one study, feeding more than ۱۰۷ CFU per head per day may cause lower nutrient absorption due to overpopulation in the gastrointestinal tract. Dor: https://dorl.net/dor/۲۰.۱۰۰۱.۱.۲۳۴۵۴۳۷۷.۲۰۲۲.۱۰.۲.۳.۳

Direct feed microbial, lactic acid producing bacteria, lactic acid utilizing bacteria, mode of action