Worldwide arsenic levels in human breast milk and probabilistic health risk assessment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- سال انتشار: 1402
- محل انتشار: مجله مدیریت و مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دوره: 10، شماره: 4
- کد COI اختصاصی: JR_EHEM-10-4_012
- زبان مقاله: انگلیسی
- تعداد مشاهده: 211
نویسندگان
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Department of Environmental Health, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Corresponding author: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
چکیده
Background: The exposure to toxic metals is a major global health concern due to their stability, bioaccumulation, and high toxicity. These metals can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta and exposure can last throughout life. This systematic review focused on the potential risks of arsenic (As) in breast milk to newborns and infants. Methods: Multiple keywords, such as “human milk” and “breast milk”, associated with “toxic metal”, “heavy metal” or “arsenic” were used to search related databases. Of the ۱۵۱ articles found, ۴۵ studies were eligible for qualitative review, and ۳۴ were included in the meta-analysis. Results: The lowest and highest levels of arsenic were found to be ۰.۰۴ ± ۰.۷۰ and ۲۷.۷۵ ± ۲۸.۳۰ μg/L, respectively. The overall pooled average concentration (۹۵% CI) of arsenic in breast milk was ۰.۱۱ (۹۵% CI: ۰.۱۱, ۰.۱۲). The results indicated that infants who consume breast milk are within a safe limit for cancer risk. Conclusion: The exposure to significant metals is associated with disease development. Therefore, ongoing knowledge creation through mental acts and continuous observation is necessary to better understand the effects of heavy metals in future studies.کلیدواژه ها
Heavy metal poisoning, Arsenic, Human milk, Infantاطلاعات بیشتر در مورد COI
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